style guides
- ama manual of style online this link opens in a new window
the ama (american medical association) manual of style, 11th ed. is a must-have guide for writing and publishing research in the medical, health, or scientific fields. offers guidance on nuts-and-bolts of the style from punctuation to formatting, along with how to navigate dilemmas from ethical to legal that researchers encounter. the online manual is fully searchable and enriched by a variety of online features:
style quizzes, which allow users to test their knowledge.
si conversion calculator, which allows quick conversion of units of measure.
about ama
this citation style was created as an editorial manual for the american medical association's scientific journals in 1962. it is still used today as the citation style for the journal of the american medical association (jama) as well as other medically focused publications.
examples
when citing a scholarly journal article, use the following formula:
authors(s). article title. journal name abbreviation. year;vol (issue no.): pages. doi.
gasbarrini gb, mangiola f, gerardi v, ianiro g, corazza gr, gasbarrini a. coeliac disease: an old
or a new disease? history of a pathology. intern emerg med. 2014;9(3):249–256.
doi:10.1007/s11739-013-1044-5
when citing a print book, use the following formula:
author(s). chapter title. in: eidtor(s), eds. book title. edition number (if it is the second edition or above). publisher; copyright year: pages.
solensky r. drug allergy: desensitization and treatment of reactions to antibiotics and aspirin. in:
lockey p, ed. allergens and allergen immunotherapy. 3rd ed. marcel dekker; 2004:585-606.
when citing an online resource like a website, use the following formula:
author(s), if given (often, no authors are given). title of the specific item cited (if none is given, use
the name of the organization responsible for the site). name of the website. [date published].
updated [date]. accessed [date]. url [provide url and verify that the link still works as close
as possible to publication]
interim guidance about avian influenza a (h5n1) for us citizens living abroad. centers for disease
control and prevention website. updated november 18, 2005. accessed december 6,
2005. http://www.cdc.gov/travel/other/avian_flu_ig_americans_ abroad_032405.htm
for in-text citations, use arabic superscript numerals, and number your references in consecutive order. insert the superscript number immediately next to the reference being cited. (if citing more than one reference at the same point, separate the numbers with commas and no spaces between).
as reported previously,1,3–8
within the bibliography, list references in the order they appear in the essay.
citation tools
- endnote this link opens in a new window
this link goes to our guide with in-depth information on this powerful citation tool. once en is installed export, save, & organize citations in one place. let en atomically format citations in your paper.
- ama purdue owl guidepurdue owl's ama style guide with examples and sample papers.